Tit for tat? EU risk-sharing and experienced reciprocity

As with previous crises, EU-wide risk-sharing has also been demanded during the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, this crisis did not unfold in a political vacuum. Instead, public backing for EU-wide risk-sharing might have been informed by past crises experiences. Building on the idea of experienced reciprocal risk-sharing, we assume that the willingness to share risks is greater when a crisis-ridden country has also shown solidarity before, whereas readiness to cooperate may be mitigated by non-solidarity-oriented behaviour in the past. We test this assumption based on a survey experiment carried out in eleven EU countries in 2020. Our findings suggest that, when people are given information about whether another country has acted in solidarity in the past, this influences their willingness to support risk-sharing in the present. However, we also find evidence that respondents' preferences outside the experimental setting do not always match their country's recent history of reciprocal risk-sharing.

"There is a Fabulous Play in the House of Cards:” Gender and Memory-Mapping in the Film Tasher Ghawr

The pandemic's collective memory features large-scale destruction in the public and private realms. This paper studies the latter by speculating on the complex interrelationship between gender, media, and collective memory. By foregrounding the potential of fictional experientialities to engage with real-life phenomena, the paper analyzes the movie Tasher Ghawr as an epitome of women's experience of the COVID-19 lockdown. This movie was selected pertaining to its current relevance. The paper undertakes a qualitative investigation through a textual analysis of the movie's narrative. The researchers use theories such as collective memory, gender performativity, affect, and counter-memory to illustrate how the protagonist Sujatha's individual gendered memory constantly constructs and deconstructs the collective memory of women as it pertains to the pandemic. The notion of collective memory is highlighted as complexly entangled and dialogically engaged with the memories of the individuals. This paper demonstrates this by constructing Sujatha as a subject defined by the norms embedded in the female collective memory and then shedding light on her subversive brilliance in questioning the stronghold of these discourses. This act of subversion produces a new strand of collective memory where women are no longer simply victims. The results of this study indicate that while women are constructed as subjects through collective memory processes, they also demonstrate a potential to subvert and question the stronghold of this collective memory that presupposes their submissiveness and servility. For future researchers, this movie provides ample critical space to discuss the notion of traumatic memory. © The Author(s) 2023.

To Write in Unwellness: Documenting A/P/A Voices

In this collectively written essay, we write as volunteers with A/P/A Voices: A COVID-19 Public Memory Project to share and hold space for this archive's stories, images, sounds, and silences. A/P/A Voices first emerged in Spring 2020 when a group of public-facing scholars, activists, and cultural workers converging at the Asian/Pacific/American Institute at NYU recognized the critical need to document the myriad experiences of Asian Americans, Asian immigrants, and Pacific Islanders during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the past year and a half, A/P/A Voices volunteers have conducted over seventy-five oral histories with community organizers, mutual aid workers, healthcare workers, and cultural workers across the country, and over seventy-five artifacts (artwork, videos, other ephemera) have been donated by participants. Through a collective form of writing we describe as dwelling in unwellness, we consider how the A/P/A Voices project and its improvised form of curation—informed by interruption, relational co-laboring, listening, and slowness—is necessitated by prolonged crisis. We ourselves are not outside of the pandemic;rather, as scholars, cultural workers, activists, and caregivers who navigate different levels of precarity, we are entangled within and beyond its folds. Thus, our writing with, rather than about, this project begins with the following questions: How do we connect our experiences of crisis to A/P/A Voices and to one another? How is our work enacted in solidarity with other communities of color devastated by racism and carceral violence, as well as disproportionate economic violence and the uneven effects of an ongoing public health crisis? What does it mean to engage a memory project from a place of unwellness?

The Body as Memory: Breast Cancer and the Holocaust in Women's Art

The Holocaust is a living trauma in the individual and collective body. Studies show that this trauma threatens to be reawakened when a new and traumatic experience, such as illness, emerges. The two traumas bring to the fore the experiences of death, pain, bodily injury, fear of losing control, and social rejection. This article examines the manifestation of this phenomenon in art through the works of three Jewish artists with autobiographical connections to the Holocaust who experienced breast cancer: the late Holocaust survivor Alina Szapocznikow, Israeli artist Anat Massad and English artist Lorna Brunstein, daughters of survivors. All three matured alongside the rise and development of feminist art, and their works address subjects such as femininity and race and tell their stories through their bodies and the traumas of breast cancer and the Holocaust, transmitting memory, working through trauma, and making their voices heard.

Implicit intertemporal trajectories in cognitive representations of the self and nation.

Individual selves and the collectives to which people belong can be mentally represented as following intertemporal trajectories-progress, decline, or stasis. These studies examined the relation between intertemporal trajectories for the self and nation in American and British samples collected at the beginning and end of major COVID-19 restrictions. Implicit temporal trajectories can be inferred from asymmetries in the cognitive availability of positive and negative events across different mentally represented temporal periods (e.g., memory for the past and the imagined future). At the beginning of COVID-19 restrictions, both personal and collective temporal thought demonstrated implicit temporal trajectories of decline, in which future thought was less positive than memory. The usually reliable positivity biases in personal temporal thought may be reversable by major public events. This implicit trajectory of decline attenuated in personal temporal thought after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions. However, collective temporal thought demonstrated a pervasive negativity bias across temporal domains at both data collection points, with the collective future more strongly negative than collective memory. Explicit beliefs concerning collective progress, decline, and hope for the national future corresponded to asymmetries in the cognitive availability of positive and negative events within collective temporal thought.

National identity in younger Italians in Central Italy before and during the Covid-19 pandemic: a pilot study

Social cohesion, associated with lower levels of psychological distress, is a predictor of recovery in emergency situations that may be enhanced by social identities such as national identity. We examined changes in opinions regarding closeness to the nation, patriotism, nationalism, immigration, and opinions about the European Union by administering the National Identity Questionnaire to younger Italian adults living in Central Italy six months before and two months after the initial Covid-19 lockdown to discriminate specific aspects of National identity that may aid adaptation to stressors. Results showed that patriotism increased compared to nationalism while feelings toward European Union membership decreased.

Covid-19 Pandemic: in the shadow of Plato's Cave

Over the past three years, the COViD-19 pandemic has had a strong global impact, not only in the spheres of health but also in other areas – social, economic, and cultural. there are many unanswered questions about both the origins of the COViD-19 pandemic and its systemic impact. it has been intensely debated why the COViD-19 pandemic became such a big surprise, for which we were unprepared as if we had just emerged from the shadow of Plato's cave. therefore, this article rhetorically asks and argues whether it is possible to predict COViD-19 and other pandemics in the future, properly learning the lessons from the past. © 2022 Lithuanian Institute of Philosophy and Sociology. All rights reserved.

REMEMBERING (AND FORGETTING) COVID-19 IN BRITAIN'S RELIGIOUS-SECULAR LANDSCAPE

On July 21, 2022, the British government launched the UK Commission on Covid Commemoration. Its stated task was to investigate the range of memorialization initiatives that had emerged to date and to present recommendations to the prime minister on how the state might best support remembrance. No doubt keen to avoid becoming a hostage to fortune, the commission's terms of reference were relatively sparse and open-ended, with one notable absence being any mention of how faith communities might participate in these processes of public memory. Here, Tollerton argues that, despite this, memorialization of the pandemic has already intersected with Britain's religious-secular landscape in varied and complex ways. These intersections tie into processes of gradual religious change and diversification, as well as the contested links between Christianity, political affiliation, and national identity.

Ethnocultural long-term care homes in Canada: a place for cultural inheritance and community building

This article discusses the overlooked role of recreation programmes in the ethnocultural and cultural-specific long-term care home from my standpoint as a recreation worker. First, the policy during the pandemic that prohibited visits by family members and volunteers revealed that they are important informal caregivers to fill in for the limitations of workers. Second, recreational programmes can also be considered as a practice of cultural inheritance: staff and volunteers learn their history and reconstruct them as collective memory. Third, the interaction between residents, volunteers, families and workers generates a sense of belonging to the ethnic community. Therefore, it can be considered a practice of community building for minority ethnic groups. By presenting the significant role of recreation workers in a long-term care home, I aim to question the meaning and value of care work in long-term care facilities.

Collective remembering and future forecasting during the COVID-19 pandemic: How the impact of COVID-19 affected the themes and phenomenology of global and national memories across 15 countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic created a unique set of circumstances in which to investigate collective memory and future simulations of events reported during the onset of a potentially historic event. Between early April and late June 2020, we asked over 4,000 individuals from 15 countries across four continents to report on remarkable (a) national and (b) global events that (i) had happened since the first cases of COVID-19 were reported, and (ii) they expected to happen in the future. Whereas themes of infections, lockdown, and politics dominated global and national past events in most countries, themes of economy, a second wave, and lockdown dominated future events. The themes and phenomenological characteristics of the events differed based on contextual group factors. First, across all conditions, the event themes differed to a small yet significant degree depending on the severity of the pandemic and stringency of governmental response at the national level. Second, participants reported national events as less negative and more vivid than global events, and group differences in emotional valence were largest for future events. This research demonstrates that even during the early stages of the pandemic, themes relating to its onset and course were shared across many countries, thus providing preliminary evidence for the emergence of collective memories of this event as it was occurring. Current findings provide a profile of past and future collective events from the early stages of the ongoing pandemic, and factors accounting for the consistencies and differences in event representations across 15 countries are discussed.

Queer collective memory during the time of COVID: Timelessness, isolation, and resilience in the United Kingdom.

Oral history collections both rely on and preserve community memories, and are of importance for understanding marginalized communities, particularly when they privilege minority voices. This article draws from original, video-based oral histories conducted for the United Kingdom's national LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and others) museum, Queer Britain, focusing on an ongoing collection of oral histories organized around experiences related to the COVID pandemic. In order to protect the health of those interviewed and the interviewers, the researchers used virtual meeting software to record video interviews and utilized qualitative software to expand and support interview analysis. Specific oral history methodologies and concepts are explored, and museum studies content is briefly discussed, specifically as it relates to museums of marginalized people. Themes explored include isolation and timelessness, the impact of the pandemic on diverse LGBTQ+ communities, and HIV/AIDS.

GitHub as a collaborative curation platform for memory projects of COVID-19 in China

This study looks at online collaborative memory projects on GitHub, all of which started amid China's war on the then unknown corona virus in early 2020 and curated stories from Chinese language social media, news outlets, and official websites. It finds that GitHub enables a collaborative yet centralized archiving and curation workflow, and each of the three projects present unique ways the COVID-19 memories can be preserved. Three key events – the lockdown of Wuhan, the death of the whistleblowing doctor, and the controversy over Fang Fang's diaries – are further analyzed to show how these memory projects could form narratives that post challenge to the officially sanctioned version of the ‘correct' collective memory.

READING ILLNESS FROM THE "THE DEAD COLD LIGHT OF TOMORROW": KATHERINE ANNE PORTER'S PALE HORSE, PALE RIDER IN THE TIMES OF COVID-19

Este trabajo sugiere una revisión de Pale Horse, Pale Rider (1939), el texto semiautobiográfico de Katherine Anne Porter en el que la autora relata su experiencia próxima a la muerte cuando fue víctima de la pandemia de gripe de 1918. La obra está considerada como la más relevante entre las que se ocupan de dicha pandemia en la tradición estadounidense, y este trabajo se sirve de esa historia crítica del texto, centrada en gran parte en explorar las intersecciones entre ficción y memoria, para trasladar no obstante el foco crítico hacia la experiencia de lectura en el momento presente, con el objetivo de ofrecer una nueva perspectiva que aclare algunos de los misterios del texto original. En un contexto en el que nuestra propia experiencia traumática durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha desenterrado la memoria cultural de la gripe de 1918, este estudio examina las incertidumbres y ambigüedades de la narración de Porter, investigando la hipótesis de que la lectura contemporánea de Pale Horse, Pale Rider sirve para decodificar parte de la indeterminación modernista de la obra, ofreciendo así la posibilidad de trascender las limitaciones en torno al uso del lenguaje y del mito en el texto para construir nuevos significados a partir de la memoria compartida.Alternate :The aim of this study is to suggest a new assessment of Katherine Anne Porter's semi-autobiographical account of her near-death experience with the 1918 flu, Pale Horse, Pale Rider (1939), considered by many as the paradigmatic American narrative of that pandemic. Following the trend set by most critics of Porter, this article explores the intersections of memory and fiction in the novella, but shifting attention to our present-day response, assessed as a critical tool that provides renewed insight into the mysteries of Porter's late-modernist text. Revisited in a context in which cultural memories of the 1918 influenza have been awakened by our own traumatic experience with COVID-19, this article seeks to probe the uncertainties in Porter's aestheticized trauma narrative. The aim is to investigate the hypothesis that our contemporary reading of Pale Horse, Pale Rider illuminates the modernist obscurities in the text and, in consequence, raises the possibility of transcending the limitations of language and myth exhibited in the text, providing new meanings through connection and remembrance.

Can Smaller Powers Have Grand Strategies? The Case of Rwanda

The conventional wisdom is that grand strategy has always been a great power phenomenon, and previous scholars have predominantly focused on countries with great military and economic capabilities. In this article, we propose that smaller states can have a grand strategy, considering how the country deploys national resources in response to external challenges and opportunities, and how this is largely impacted by the country's historical memory. We explore how Rwanda defines grand strategy as a country, followed by an examination of the country's major external challenges and possibilities, and then a discussion of the national pathologies that drive Rwanda's grand strategy and decision-making process. Finally, we analyze the critical instruments Rwanda employs in its grand strategy and how the African nation dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mobilitatea academică în memoria colectivă (1)

Revista noastră, Psihologia socială, şi-a propus să realizeze o anchetă asupra experienţei mobilităţilor academice şi ştiinţifice de după 1989 şi a efectelor lor pe termen lung. Interesul pentru posibilele răspunsuri la această anchetă este cel puţin dublu. Mai întâi, pentru că perpetuarea pandemiei deja în al doilea an universitar a modificat profund regimul circulaţiei şi comunicării academice, între alte schimbări majore produse în economie şi societate. Suprimarea sau amânarea unor manifestări ştiinţifice şi reorganizarea acestora sub forma conferinţelor video (online) au eliminat sau redus drastic oportunităţile de socializare informală asociate cu astfel de evenimente. Alternate :Our journal, Social Psychology, set out to conduct an investigation into the experience of academic and scientific mobilities after 1989 and their long-term effects. The interest in possible answers to this inquiry is at least twofold. First, because the perpetuation of the pandemic already in the second academic year profoundly changed the regime of academic circulation and communication, among other major changes produced in the economy and society. The suppression or postponement of some scientific events and their reorganization in the form of video conferences (online) have eliminated or drastically reduced the opportunities for informal socialization associated with such events.

Historical Touchstones and Imagined Futures During COVID-19 in Aotearoa/New Zealand

During the COVID-19 pandemic to date, particular histories have come to serve as touchstones for the pandemic experience. The specific form this historical imagination takes can be significant as it is likely to shape people's understandings and responses to the pandemic with consequences for official policy, community action and public behaviour. This research examines this imaginative space in Aotearoa/New Zealand's public media during COVID-19, asking what past epidemics have been invoked and how. We conducted a content and thematic analysis of media stories in Aotearoa/NZ from February 2020 to December 2021. This analysis reveals how historical experiences are made meaningful in the context of the present crisis, and how the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted New Zealanders to look back on their histories for lessons and cautionary tales as they imagine possible futures. While the 1918 flu was the most frequent touchstone in both years, the focus of the stories changed, reflecting changes in public health policies. In 2020, the stories mirrored the major public health measures enacted by the government, namely isolation and quarantine requirements and lockdowns. They focused on anchoring the present in past experiences, collectively framing the 'extraordinary' as something more 'ordinary' and thus helping people to cope with the new crisis. In 2021, the focus on Maori populations increased, reflecting the emerging disparities in vaccination rates, as did explicit messaging encouraging vaccination. The sense of urgency grew, with the past providing impetus for present action, to bring about-or avert-particular imagined futures.

Introduction: Latinidad, Memory, and Literature

On the day these words were written, the director of the Pan American Health Organization, Dr. Carissa Etienne, announced that "Latin America has surpassed Europe and the United States in the daily number of reported Covid-19 infections," noting it "has become the epicenter of the COVID pandemic" (Darlington et al., 2020). The Los Angeles Times recently reported that "Latinos comprise about 40% of California's population but 53% of positive cases" of COVID-19, perhaps due to exposure risks endemic to Latinos providing high-contact essential labor, comprising 53% of food service workers, 59% of construction workers, and 85% of agricultural workers in California (Branson-Potts et al., 2020). [...]what is just as certain is that the nature of their memories will be altogether different in kind from the stories told by the World Health Organization or their governments' respective departments and ministries, and hence will have a different truth. Works such as José Vasconcelos's The Cosmic Race (1925), Octavio Paz's The Labyrinth of Solitude (1950), Eduardo Galeano's Open Veins of Latin America (1971), José Luis Gonzalez's Puerto Rico: The Four-Storeyed Country (1980), and Gloria Anzaldúa's Bor der lands/La Frontera (1987) have explored a range of ideas on the topic of latinidad that have paved avenues of inquiry for modern scholars.

Collective memory and social imaginaries of the epidemic situation in COVID-19-based on the qualitative research of college students in Wuhan, China.

This study conducted in-depth interviews with 20 students from a university in Wuhan so as to obtain data regarding their collective memory at the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak and their social imaginaries in the longitudinal dimension of time. Compared with those in other regions, interviewees from Wuhan show more fear and dissatisfaction and think that others find it difficult to empathize with their first-hand experiences. Interviewees from Wuhan are more dependent on the media. However, media use can cause problems related to redundant information and emotional impact. While one is confined to home, he/she is forced to participate in communication with family members and the topic of the body is discussed again from a new angle. Trauma leads to self-reconciliation, as facilitated by the re-examination of and reflection on one' nomination of and reflection on n family members and the months in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. However, having received a collectivist education since childhood and having been guided by the discourse system created by the state media, they have since been able to shape their sense of identity and strengthen their sense of national honor.

Editorial

One day, hundreds of years in the future, archaeologists digging an early twenty-first-century rubbish dump will come across a sharp stratigraphic interface between a thick deposit of disposable paper cups and a layer of vinyl gloves and plastic aprons. [...]although ‘plague columns’ were once a common sight in European cities, today our collective memories concentrate on moments of national origins, greatness or sacrifice. [...]thinking is embedded in archaeology's ‘grand challenges’, a series of questions intended to prioritise archaeological research on the interaction of past human and natural systems, and to encourage other disciplines to make use of our insights.1 Of the 25 questions defined back in 2014, two assume particular resonance for our current predicament: ‘what factors drive health and well-being in prehistory and history’;and ‘can we characterise social collapse or decline in a way that is applicable across cultures, and are there any warning signals that collapse or severe decline is near?’. Recently, for example, a group of ecologists has advanced the concept of the ABCD conference, intended to address the same range of concerns that challenge archaeologists.2 (ABCD stands for All continents, Balanced gender, low Carbon transport and Diverse backgrounds.) The format mixes in-person and pre-recorded talks with live-streamed presentations to encourage a wider range of participants while reducing the environmental impact.

National identity in younger Italians in Central Italy before and during the Covid-19 pandemic: a pilot study

Social cohesion, associated with lower levels of psychological distress, is a predictor of recovery in emergency situations that may be enhanced by social identities such as national identity. We examined changes in opinions regarding closeness to the nation, patriotism, nationalism, immigration, and opinions about the European Union by administering the National Identity Questionnaire to younger Italian adults living in Central Italy six months before and two months after the initial Covid-19 lockdown to discriminate specific aspects of National identity that may aid adaptation to stressors. Results showed that patriotism increased compared to nationalism while feelings toward European Union membership decreased. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of National Identities is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)